A ferritin blood test determines how much ferritin is in your blood. Ferritin is a protein that helps your cells store iron. Iron is required for the production of healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Iron is also necessary for the proper functioning of muscles, bone marrow, and organs. If left untreated, too little or too much iron in your system can lead to major health concerns.